Толковый словарь английского языка - rough
Rough
rough
I. adjective (~er; ~est) Etymology: Middle English, from Old English rūh; akin to Old High German rūh ~, Lithuanian raukas wrinkle Date: before 12th century 1. marked by inequalities, ridges, or projections on the surface ; coarse , covered with or made up of coarse and often shaggy hair , c. having a broken, uneven, or bumpy surface , difficult to travel th~ or penetrate ; wild , 2. turbulent , tempestuous , b. characterized by harshness, violence, or force, presenting a challenge ; difficult , coarse or rugged in character or appearance: as, harsh to the ear, crude in style or expression, indelicate , marked by a lack of refinement or grace ; uncouth , 4. crude , unfinished , executed or ventured hastily, tentatively, or imperfectly , ~ish adjective ~ness noun Synonyms: see: ~ see: rude II. adverb Date: 14th century ~ly 1, without usual conveniences, III. noun Date: 15th century uneven ground covered with high grass, brush, and stones, the rugged or disagreeable side or aspect , 3. something in a crude, unfinished, or preliminary state, broad outline ; general terms , a hasty preliminary drawing or layout, rowdy , IV. transitive verb Date: 1763 ~en , 2. to subject to abuse ; manhandle , beat , to subject to unnecessary and intentional violence in a sport , shell 3, to calk or otherwise ~en (a horse's shoes) to prevent slipping, 4. to shape, make, or dress in a ~ or preliminary way, to indicate the chief lines of , ~er noun
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1.
adj., adv., n., & v. --adj. 1 a having an uneven or irregular surface, not smooth or level or polished. b Tennis applied to the side of a racket from which the twisted gut projects. 2 (of ground, country, etc.) having many bumps, obstacles, etc. 3 a hairy, shaggy. b (of cloth) coarse in texture. 4 a (of a person or behaviour) not mild or quiet or gentle; boisterous, unrestrained (rough manners; rough play). b (of language etc.) coarse, indelicate. c (of wine etc.) sharp or harsh in taste. 5 (of the sea, weather, etc.) violent, stormy. 6 disorderly, riotous (a rough part of town). 7 harsh, insensitive, inconsiderate (rough words; rough treatment). 8 a unpleasant, severe, demanding (had a rough time). b unfortunate, unreasonable, undeserved (had rough luck). c (foll. by on) hard or unfair towards. 9 lacking finish, elaboration, comfort, etc. (rough lodgings; a rough welcome). 10 incomplete, rudimentary (a rough attempt; a rough makeshift). 11 a inexact, approximate, preliminary (a rough estimate; a rough sketch). b (of stationery etc.) for use in writing rough notes etc. 12 colloq. a ill, unwell (am feeling rough). b depressed, dejected. --adv. in a rough manner (the land should be ploughed rough; play rough). --n. 1 (usu. prec. by the) a hard part or aspect of life; hardship (take the rough with the smooth). 2 rough ground (over rough and smooth). 3 a rough or violent person (met a bunch of roughs). 4 Golf rough ground off the fairway between tee and green. 5 an unfinished or provisional or natural state (have written it in rough; shaped from the rough). 6 (prec. by the) the general way or tendency (is true in the rough). --v.tr. 1 (foll. by up) ruffle (feathers, hair, etc.) by rubbing against the grain. 2 a (foll. by out) shape or plan roughly. b (foll. by in) sketch roughly. 3 give the first shaping to (a gun, lens, etc.). Phrases and idioms rough-and-ready rough or crude but effective; not elaborate or over-particular. rough-and-tumble adj. irregular, scrambling, disorderly. --n. a haphazard fight; a scuffle. rough breathing...Толковый словарь английского языка Oxford English Reference
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